Minna No Nihongo Lesson 4 Grammar

Minna No Nihongo Lesson 4 Grammar

1. いま(は) なんじ / なんぶん ですか
Meaning: What time is it / what time is it?
Usage: ask time, ask minutes
For example:
いま なんじですか­。
What time is it?

８じ３０ぷん(8じはん)です。
It is 8:30 (8:30).

じ は ん ： Use when you tell half of the time.

2. N (location) は いま なんじ ですか
Meaning: What time is it in N now?
Usage: ask about time somewhere

For example :
ニューヨークは いまなんじ ですか ？
What time is it in New York?

よんじはんです。
4:30.

3. The verb ます
Usage: Verbs show a polite attitude to the listener, indicating an action in the present or future tense.
For example:
まいにち11じにねます。
I sleep at 11:00 every day

4. Tense of verbs
How to divide:
Present:
Affirmation: ます
Example:
まいばん べんきょうします
(I study every night)

Negatives: ません
Example:
あしたべんきょうしません
(Tomorrow I will not study)

Past :
Affirmation: ました
Example:
きのうべんきょうしました
(I learned the lesson yesterday)

Negatives: ませんでした
Example:
おとといべんきょうしませんでした
(I didn’t study the other day.)

5. N (indicating time) に ＋ V ます
Meaning: Doing something about what time period
Usage: to indicate when an action will be performed.
If time is not indicated by numbers, do not add に. After nouns, things of the week can have thứ or not.
For example :
わたしは１２じにたべます。
I eat at 12 o’clock.

どようびべんきょうしません。
I usually do not study on Saturdays.

6. ～ から ～ まで
Meaning: From ~ to ~
Usage: say the time, the distance between two places with the particle [か ら] denote the starting point of time or place, the particle [ま で] denote the end of time or place.
2 auxiliary words can stand alone, do not need to go together.
For example :
８じから１１じまでべんきょうします。
I study from 8 o’clock to 11 o’clock

まいにち 7じから8じまでほんをよみます。
Every day, I read books from 7 to 8 hours.

7. N1 と N2
Meaning: N1 and / with N2
Usage: Used to join 2 nouns
For example:
このほんとあのノートはわたしのです。
This book and the other book are mine.

8. ～ ね
Usage: put at the end of the sentence to convey to the listener your feelings or expect the listener to agree with what you have to say.
Japanese girls often use
For example:
このケーキはおいしいですね。
This goto cake is delicious.

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