JLPT N4 Grammar

てほしい (te hoshii) Meaning: I need you to… How to use the: Verb-ないform + でほしい Verb-てform + ほしい Explain: Express the expectations and requirements of the speaker towards other people Example sentences: 1, 両親には、いつまでも元気で長生きしてほしい。 Ryōshin ni wa, itsu made mo genkide nagaiki shite hoshii I want my parents to live …

てある (te aru) Meaning: something is/has been done, something is done, something has been done How to use the: Verb-てform + ある Explain: This sentence represents the state of subject N, which is often used when someone in the past has acted on subject N, through the execution of action …

にくい (nikui) Meaning: difficult to…; hard to… How to use the: Verb-ますstem + にくい Explain: Used to indicate that something is difficult to do Used to indicate the nature of the object (person or thing) is difficult to change, or indicates something difficult to happen. Example sentences: 1, 漢字は書きにくいです。 Kanji …

やすい (yasui) Meaning: easy to; likely to…; have a tendency to… How to use the: Verb-ますstem + やすい Explain: Used to denote the act of doing something that is easy. Used to indicate the nature of an object (person or thing) that is easy to change, or that something is …

かどうか (ka dou ka) Meaning: whether or not How to use the: Verb-casual + かどうか Noun + かどうか いadj + かどうか なadj + かどうか Explanation: When we want to insert a question without using the word in the sentence, we use this sentence pattern. Example sentences: 1, あの人が来るかどうか知っていますか？ Ano hito …

ないで (nai de) Meaning: without doing, don’t How to use the: Verb-ないform + で Explain: V－ な い 形 な い で: Without V１－ な い 形 な い で, V2: Do not perform action 1 when action 2 V１－ な い 形 な い で, V2: Do not perform …

はずがない (hazu ga nai) Meaning: cannot be; it’s impossible that How to use the: Verb-casual + はずがない / はずはない Noun + のはずがない / のはずはない いadj + はずがない / はずはない なadj + なはずがない / なはずはない Explain: Show the speaker’s deep suspicion about the impossible, absurd. Example sentences: 1, わたしにそんなことがわかるはずがないでしょう？ watashi ni …

のに (noni) Meaning: although, in order to How to use the: Verb-dictionary form + のに Explain: Used as a noun Usually followed by the verbs つ か う 、 い い 、 べ ん り だ 、 や く に た つ 、 「時間」 が か か る。 Example sentences: …

ながら (nagara) Meaning: while; during; as Explain: Describe two actions that happened at the same time Example sentences: 1, 母は鼻歌を歌いながら夕飯の用意をしている。 Haha wa hanauta o utai nagara yūhan no yōi o shite iru. My mother sang hum while preparing dinner. 2, 夜間学校の成人クラスを教えながら暮らします。 yakan gakkou no seijin kurasu o oshienagara kurashimasu. I …

みたい (mitai) Meaning: seems, look like, appears like, like, similar to, resembling Explain: Describe actions, facts according to the speculation of the speaker. み た い is treated as an adjective な Example sentences: 1, 私が合格するなんてうそみたい。 Watashi ga gōkaku suru nante uso mitai. I passed the exam. It was just …